How to find the files in a directory AND subdirectories?/title> <META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="fileinfo, dirname, directory, findnext, findfirst"> <META NAME="description" CONTENT="Programming on Pascal"> <META NAME="author" CONTENT=" Andrey Sharov"> <meta name="Microsoft Theme" content="sumipntg 011, default"> <meta name="Microsoft Border" content="tlb, default"> </head> <body background="../../_themes/sumipntg/sumtextb.jpg" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000066" link="#3333CC" vlink="#666699" alink="#990099"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tr><td><font face="Verdana"> <h1 align="center"><font color="#003366"> <center><SCRIPT language='JavaScript'> var loc = ''; </SCRIPT> <SCRIPT language='JavaScript1.4'>try{ var loc = escape(top.location.href); }catch(e){;}</SCRIPT> <SCRIPT language='JavaScript'> var userid = 2830309; var page = 1; var rndnum = Math.round(Math.random() * 999111); document.write('<IFRAME src="http://ad.tbn.ru/bb.cgi?cmd=ad&hreftarget=_blank&pubid=' + userid + '&pg=' + page + '&vbn=188&w=468&h=60&num=1&r=ssi&ssi=nofillers&r=ssi&nocache=' + rndnum + '&ref=' + escape(document.referrer) + '&loc=' + loc + '" frameborder=0 vspace=0 hspace=0 width=468 height=60 marginwidth=0 marginheight=0 scrolling=no>'); document.write('<A href="http://ad.tbn.ru/bb.cgi?cmd=go&pubid=' + userid + '&pg=' + page + '&vbn=188&num=1&w=468&h=60&nocache=' + rndnum + '&loc=' + loc + '&ref=' + escape(document.referrer) + '" target="_blank">'); document.write('<IMG src="http://ad.tbn.ru/bb.cgi?cmd=ad&pubid=' + userid + '&pg=' + page + '&vbn=188&num=1&w=468&h=60&nocache=' + rndnum + '&ref=' + escape(document.referrer) + '&loc=' + loc + '" width=468 height=60 Alt="TBN -- The Banner Network" border=0></A></IFRAME>'); </SCRIPT><h1>TURBO PASCAL</h1></center> </font></h1> </font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tr><td valign="top" width="1%"><font face="Verdana"> <a href="../../Novosti.htm">Новости</a> <p><a href="../../prog.htm">Программы </a> </p> <p><a href="../../turbo_pacs.htm">Turbo Pascal</a> </p> <p><a href="../../igra.htm">Игры</a></p> <p><a href="../../schedule.htm">Документация</a> </p> <p><a href="../../stranosti.htm">Странности</a></p> <p><a href="../../faq.htm">FAQ</a></p> <p><a href="../../silk.htm">Ссылки</a></p> <p><a href="../../for.htm">Форум</a></p> <p><a href="http://narod.yandex.ru/guestbook/?owner=3587741">Гостевая книга</a></p> <p><a href="../../rass.htm">Рассылка</a></p> <p><a href="../../blagodar.htm">Благодарности</a></p> <p><a href="../../Otavtora.htm">Об авторе</a></p> <p> <script language="javascript"></script><script language="javascript1.1"></script><script language="javascript1.2"></script><script language="javascript1.3"></script><script language="javascript"></script><noscript> <a href="http://u3457.28.spylog.com/cnt?cid=345728&f=3&p=0" target="_blank"> <img src="http://u3457.28.spylog.com/cnt?cid=345728&p=0" alt='SpyLOG' border='0' width=88 height=31 > </a></noscript>  </p> </font></td><td valign="top" width="24"></td><td valign="top"><font face="Verdana"> <h3><font color="#003366"> 12: How to find the files in a directory AND subdirectories?</font></h3> </font><pre> <font size="3">A: Writing a program that goes through the files of the directory, and all the subdirectories below it, is based on Turbo Pascal's file finding commands and recursion. This is universal whether you are writing, for example, a directory listing program, or a program that deletes, say, all the .bak files, or some other similar task. To find (for listing or other purposes) the files in a directory you need above all the FindFirst and FindNext keywords, and testing the predefined file attributes. You make these a procedure, and call it recursively. If you want good examples with source code, please see PC World, April 1989, p. 154; Kent Porter & Mike Floyd (1990), Stretching Turbo Pascal. Version 5.5. Revised Edition, Chapter 23; Michael Yester (1989), Using Turbo Pascal, p. 437; Michael Tischer (1992), PC Intern System Programming, pp. 796-798. The simple (non-recursive) example listing all the read-only files in the current directory shows the rudiments of the principle of Using FindFirst, FindNext, and the file attributes, because some users find it hard to use these keywords. Also see the code in the item "How to establish if a name refers to a directory or not? " of this same FAQ collection you are now reading. uses Dos; var FileInfo : SearchRec; begin FindFirst ('*.*', AnyFile, FileInfo); while DosError = 0 do begin if (FileInfo.Attr and ReadOnly) > 0 then writeln (FileInfo.Name); FindNext (FileInfo); end; end. (* test *)</font></pre><font face="Verdana"></font><pre><font size="3"> A2: While we are on the subject related to FindFirst and FindNext, here are two useful examples:</font></pre><font face="Verdana"></font><pre><font size="3">(* Number of files in a directory (not counting directories) *) function DFILESFN (dirName : string) : word; var nberOfFiles : word; FileInfo : searchRec; begin if dirName[Length(dirName)] <> '\' then dirName := dirName + '\'; dirName := dirName + '*.*'; {} nberOfFiles := 0; FindFirst (dirName, AnyFile, FileInfo); while DosError = 0 do begin if ((FileInfo.Attr and VolumeId) = 0) then if (FileInfo.Attr and Directory) = 0 then Inc (nberOfFiles); FindNext (FileInfo); end; {while} dfilesfn := nberOfFiles; end; (* dfilesfn *)</font></pre><font face="Verdana"></font><pre><font size="3">(* Number of immediate subdirectories in a directory *) function DDIRSFN (dirName : string) : word; var nberOfDirs : word; FileInfo : searchRec; begin if dirName[Length(dirName)] <> '\' then dirName := dirName + '\'; dirName := dirName + '*.*'; {} nberOfDirs:= 0; FindFirst (dirName, AnyFile, FileInfo); while DosError = 0 do begin if ((FileInfo.Attr and VolumeId) = 0) then if (FileInfo.Attr and Directory) > 0 then if (FileInfo.Name <> '.') and (FileInfo.Name <> '..') then Inc (nberOfDirs); FindNext (FileInfo); end; {while} ddirsfn := nberOfDirs; end; (* ddirsfn *)</font></pre><font face="Verdana"> <p align="center"> <a href="ogl.htm">Contents</a></p> </font></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tr><td><font face="Verdana"> <p align="center"><img src="../../_themes/sumipntg/sumhorsa.gif" width="600" height="10"></p> <p align="center"><a href="../../index.htm"><font size="2">На первую страницу</font></a></p> </font><table border="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="25%"><font face="Verdana"> <a href="http://top100.rambler.ru/top100/"> <img src="http://top100-images.rambler.ru/top100/banner-88x31-rambler-blue.gif" alt="Rambler's Top100" width=88 height=31 border=0></a>  </font></td> <td width="25%"><font face="Verdana"> <script> d=document;s=screen;n=navigator;uid=6735; ver=Math.round(parseFloat(n.appVersion)*100);rnd=rn=Math.random(); zzz="&dl="+escape(d.referrer)+"&n="+n.appName+"&swh="+s.width+'x'+s.height+"&ver="+ver+"&rnd="+rnd; y="<a target=_blank href='http://u6735.topcto.ru/cgi-bin/top.cgi?uid="+uid+"&com=img_link&url=http://www.topcto.ru/"+zzz+"'>"; y+="<img width=88 height=31 border=0 alt='TopCTO' src='http://u6735.topcto.ru/cgi-bin/top.cgi?uid="+uid+"&com=image"+zzz+"'></a>"; d.write(y); </script>  </font></td> <td width="25%"><font face="Verdana"> <a href="http://top100.rambler.ru/top100/"> <img src="http://counter.rambler.ru/top100.cnt?303806" alt="Rambler's Top100" width=1 height=1 border=0></a> <script language="JavaScript"></script><script language="JavaScript1.1"></script><script language="JavaScript1.2"></script><script language="JavaScript1.3"></script><script language="JavaScript"></script><noscript><a target=_top href="http://top.mail.ru/jump?from=294441"><img src="http://top.list.ru/counter?js=na;id=294441;t=130" border=0 height=40 width=88 alt="Рейтинг@Mail.ru"></a></noscript><script language="JavaScript"></script> </font></td> <td width="25%"><font face="Verdana"></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%"><font face="Verdana"> <SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript"></SCRIPT><SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript"></SCRIPT><SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript"></SCRIPT><NOSCRIPT><img src="http://kmindex.ru/c/?id=162981&id2=23" width=1 height=1 border=0><A HREF="http://kmindex.ru/r/?id=162981&id2=23&c=" target="_top"><img src="http://kmindex.ru/p/?id=162981&id2=23&p=1" ismap width=88 height=31 border=0></A></NOSCRIPT>  </font></td> <td width="25%"><font face="Verdana"> <script language="javascript"> hotlog_js="1.0";hotlog_d=document; hotlog_n=navigator;hotlog_rn=Math.random(); hotlog_n_n=(hotlog_n.appName.substring(0,3)=="Mic")?0:1; hotlog_r=""+hotlog_rn+"&s=19610&im=34&r="+escape(hotlog_d.referrer)+"&pg="+ escape(window.location.href); hotlog_d.cookie="hotlog=1"; hotlog_r+="&c="+(hotlog_d.cookie?"Y":"N"); hotlog_d.cookie="hotlog=1; expires=Thu, 01-Jan-70 00:00:01 GMT"</script> <script language="javascript1.1"> hotlog_js="1.1";hotlog_r+="&j="+(navigator.javaEnabled()?"Y":"N")</script> <script language="javascript1.2"> hotlog_js="1.2";hotlog_s=screen; hotlog_r+="&wh="+hotlog_s.width+'x'+hotlog_s.height+"&px="+((hotlog_n_n==0)? 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